Austria奥地利

Heimold Helczmanovszki

This article introduces the aims, content, and organization of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Conceived as a “cartographic regional geography,” the atlas not only maps individual elements of Austria’s physical and human environment, but also shows their stepwise integration into landscapes, economic areas, settlement systems, and communities, making functional spatial relationships visible. It includes current dynamics and, where relevant, historical genesis. The work is structured into twelve map groups, combining analytical and synthetic maps; cartographic clarity, comparability, and topographical accuracy are emphasized within a sound cartographic tradition. Beyond its scientific value, the atlas is intended to serve public administration and planning by providing reliable spatial information and identifying underdeveloped areas. The article describes the editorial organization under the Commission for Spatial Research, the contribution of scientific institutions and the publishing cartographic firm, and situates the project within the tradition of Austrian national and regional atlases. The author concludes that such an atlas is both a systematic record of geographical knowledge and an instrument of national self-representation and spatial planning.

Niels Nielsen

This review assesses the first fascicle of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences under Hans Bobek. The atlas project, comprising 85 main maps at 1:1,000,000 scale plus supplementary maps, diagrams, and city plans, is organized into twelve thematic groups covering physical, population, agricultural, and industrial geography. The reviewer praises the excellent technical execution, particularly the detailed map of Vienna by settlement type and a strikingly clear land-use map. Traffic maps for 1957–58 reveal Austria’s division into a southeastern zone centred on Vienna, Graz, and Klagenfurt and a northwestern zone around Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. The tourism map and the unusual map of Catholic church administration are also noted. The reviewer concludes that the atlas promises to be of high quality.

Ena L. Yonge

This article is a comprehensive review of regional atlases, written by Ena L. Yonge. The author begins by noting that, given the ever-increasing flood of atlases from around the world, individual reviews of each publication are impossible; therefore, a summary survey is adopted. She also stresses that no single reviewer can be sufficiently expert in all aspects of geography, cartography, and linguistics to render sound critical judgments. The roughly one hundred regional atlases discussed are grouped primarily by continent or large region and then arranged alphabetically by country. In the European section, the author evaluates national and thematic atlases from Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, and other countries, covering topics such as road transport, historical geography, climate, population, economy, and land use. She comments in detail on cartographic quality, scales, printing techniques, and practical utility. For example, the Austrian national atlas, directed by Hans Bobek and Erik Arnberger under the Commission for Land Planning of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, was published in five annual parts and demonstrates excellent cartography and printing. The Atlas de Belgique and the Atlas du Survey National supplement each other with plates on hydrogeology, phytogeography, agriculture, basic industries, waterways, and railways. The Climatic Atlas of Czechoslovakia is praised for its beautiful large-scale maps of temperature and precipitation. The article then turns to North America, focusing on state atlases in the United States, including Kansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New York, Ohio, and West Virginia. These atlases cover agriculture, forestry, economic resources, historical geography, and population, often compiled by universities or state agencies for educational and planning purposes. In the South American section, the author highlights notable publications such as the Atlas do Brasil, the Atlas de economía colombiana, and Venezuelan climatic and forest atlases. Throughout the review, the author acknowledges the scholarly value and cartographic achievements of many works while also pointing out occasional problems such as overly large formats or inappropriate scales. Overall, the article provides a broad and informative reference guide to regional atlases for scholars in geography, cartography, and related fields.

Helmut Hahn

This article comprises two reviews. The first assesses the initial installment of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, edited by Hans Bobek. Planned to include about 85 main maps and 140 supplementary maps in twelve sections, the atlas is praised for its precise municipal-level cartograms; the reviewer recommends adding an administrative-boundary overlay. Notable plates include Vienna's building and housing structure, a tourism bar diagram, and an electoral-results map. The second review discusses a study of Nile Valley landscape change, correcting earlier notions of papyrus swamps and emphasizing that human activity, rather than climatic fluctuation, was decisive in environmental transformation.

S. Radó; L. Lackó

This article reviews the first installment of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, published in 1961. The atlas is planned to appear in five installments, comprising 85 main maps at 1:1,000,000 scale and 140 supplementary maps, organized into twelve chapters covering physical geography, population, economy, transport, and administration. The first installment contains 19 map sheets addressing topography, precipitation, snow cover, sunshine duration, phenology, prehistoric settlement, land use, crop yields, traffic volume, tourism, administrative divisions, and election results. The review particularly examines the 1:1,000,000 topographical map, noting its ten-step hypsometric color scale but criticizing the insufficiently distinct color transitions that hinder readability. It also commends the innovative use of the dot method in land-use type mapping. Overall, the atlas is characterized as a rich and significant contribution to Austrian geographical and cartographic literature.

А. В. Ильина

The first volume of the National Atlas of Austria has been published, marking a new international contribution to the compilation of national atlases. The atlas aims to reflect the extent of geographical research on Austria from natural, economic, and cultural perspectives, with a planned total of 122 pages divided into 12 thematic sections. The first volume contains 22 pages with 41 maps, covering topics such as topography, Vienna urban planning, climate, agriculture, and transportation. Reviews note that the quality of the maps is uneven, with the public transport map and the Vienna planning map standing out, while the topographic map is relatively coarse in detail.

Ed. Imhof

This article reviews the first installment of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria. The atlas is planned to be issued in six installments over six years, comprising 120 map plates covering physical, human, and economic topics. The first installment contains 20 maps on climate, agriculture, transport, tourism, and administration, mostly at scales of 1:1,000,000 or 1:2,000,000. The author notes that, drawing on experience from earlier Austrian state atlases, this atlas excels in both scientific conception and cartographic design, particularly praising the maps of Viennese building types, land use, transport, and tourism. It is regarded as a model for the planned Swiss national atlas.

J. Majdl

This article reviews three Central European cartographic works from the early 1960s: the first installment of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, covering hypsometric, climatic, settlement history, and Vienna city maps; the physical and political maps of Africa by VEB Hermann Haack in Gotha, the latter depicting the collapse of colonialism; and the second edition of the Czechoslovak map collection 'Poznáváme svět', featuring physical, administrative, geological, climatic, and economic maps. The review aims to introduce the content, compilation features, and academic and practical value of these works, highlighting their role as regional research tools. It concludes that these publications reflect contemporary advances in comprehensive and thematic cartography, offering references for future national atlas projects.

W. Witt

This review discusses two recent cartographic publications. The first is the second installment of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, containing 21 thematic maps covering geology, climate, hydrography, Roman topography, dialects, industry, transport, education, trade, and central places. The review praises its scientific and cartographic quality, particularly the integrated geological-structural map and the central-place map based on a municipal survey. The second is an atlas of Hanseatic trade routes, the first part of a comprehensive work, with 60 maps at various scales. The review notes that its full value can only be assessed after the accompanying text volume appears, but already acknowledges its careful cartographic presentation. Overall, both atlases represent significant contributions to thematic cartography.

G. R. Crone

This review discusses the first two fascicules of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria. Despite Austria's long tradition in geodesy and cartography, a national atlas had been lacking until now. Compiled by the Austrian Academy of Sciences' Commission for Spatial Research and published by Freytag-Berndt and Artaria, the atlas adopts a scale of 1:1,000,000 and covers physical, economic, historical, and social topics, including detailed maps of Vienna's land use and central-place systems. The reviewer praises its clear design and printing, noting occasional overloading of detail, and regards it as a fine contribution to Austrian geography.

Ernst Bernleithner

This review article evaluates three notable German cartographic publications. The Atlas of the Republic of Austria, edited by Hans Bobek, presents a comprehensive national atlas of 120 planned plates organized into 12 thematic chapters, establishing itself as an authoritative reference for Austria's spatial structure and planning. Wilhelm Bonacker's Kartenmacher aller Länder und Zeiten is a biographical lexicon of some 6,350 mapmakers spanning all periods and cultures, indispensable for cartographic historians. Alois Fauser's Ältere Erd- und Himmelsgloben in Bayern documents historic terrestrial and celestial globes in Bavaria. All three works receive strong recommendations for libraries and specialists.

H. G. Zimpel

This review discusses the second installment of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, published in 1963, adding 21 map sheets to the national atlas. The maps adopt a synthetic geographical approach at a scale of 1:1 million, emphasizing functional and socio-geographic integration. New sheets cover geology, climate, history, agriculture, industry, transport, education, and central places. Despite technical and financial constraints, the atlas is well executed and useful; the reviewer suggests adding explanatory texts to enhance its usability.

W. Witt

This review discusses the fifth installment (1966) of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, edited by the Commission for Spatial Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. It contains 19 maps covering most sections of the atlas, including terrain, karst areas, climate, settlement forms, urban functional structures, population and economy based on the permanently settled area, as well as central-place topics such as health-care facilities and labour-force types. The reviewer notes technical and thematic shortcomings, such as paper distortion in transparent overprints, missing weather stations, and the questionable necessity of small-animal habitat maps, but strongly praises the atlas as an exemplary model of geographically oriented thematic cartography.

Helmut Hahn

This is a review of the second (1963) and third (1966) deliveries of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria. The new map sheets maintain the atlas's excellent cartographic design and refined methods of presentation, with an emphasis on economic, transport, settlement and population themes. Particularly outstanding are the map of central places and its supplementary sheet, both based on questionnaire surveys. The use of the permanently settled area as a reference base for population and other maps appropriately reflects Austria's Alpine character. Some weaknesses, however, include overcrowded symbols, imbalanced colour scales and the absence of station locations on climatic maps. Overall, the new deliveries confirm the atlas's high standard and its considerable value for regional geography and cartography.

W. Witt

This review examines the fourth instalment (part 1) of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, containing eleven map sheets on settlement, population, agriculture and regional planning. It notes maps of historical urban settlement types, demographic rates (birth, death, marriage, age structure), and crop yields. Special attention is given to a methodologically innovative map of provision with central services, using concentric circles and five colour levels to show concentration and supply quality. The review concludes that the atlas, nearing completion, holds a distinguished position among national atlases for its scientific value and technical quality.

Niels Nielsen

This review discusses the fourth installment of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, comprising 20 map sheets. The thematic coverage is highly diverse, with each sheet forming a self-contained unit in terms of subject, processing, and presentation. The analyses are often very detailed, and individual sheets employ a large number of symbols, exemplified by the hydrogeological map containing no fewer than 60 symbols. Such a map is not immediately accessible but rewards careful study with a rich picture of the country's freshwater occurrence, quantities, and uses. Similar richness characterizes maps of population, commuting, tourism, agricultural yields, and mechanization. The work is marked by abundant content and meticulous treatment.

W. Witt

This review discusses the fourth delivery (part 2) of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria (Vienna, 1969), which contains nine map sheets. While some sheets use relatively straightforward methods—administrative divisions, livestock and swine censuses, agricultural mechanization, and municipal tax revenues—others pose considerable methodological challenges. The latter include a hydrogeological map where colour intensity indicates groundwater yield, a gravity anomaly map, a tourism map combining grey-scale intensity, lodging types, overnight stays, and development trends, and two commuter maps showing commuting flows and functional linkages between residential communities and employment centres. The atlas has now reached 83 published plates, about two-thirds of the planned total. The review notes both the successful differentiation of tourist regions and some difficulties in distinguishing map categories.

Fekete Viola

This review introduces the fourth delivery, part one, of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1968. The instalment covers settlement, population, agriculture, and regional planning. A map on historical market towns distinguishes four settlement types and provides a supplementary map on the acquisition of town rights since 1300. Population maps illustrate demographic trends with birth, death, and marriage statistics, employing a rich and refined colour scale for relative data. Agricultural maps supplement earlier series, showing crop yields and proportions of cultivated area, and revealing post-war shifts toward wheat and barley; however, their colours are less varied and hectare data are difficult to read. Overall, the issue maintains the atlas's high cartographic and intellectual standards.

W. Witt

This review discusses the fifth installment (1971–72) of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, which brings the work close to completion. It contains 20 map sheets, completing several sections. Highlighted new maps include: a climate-type map using precipitation and temperature data with an innovative legend; a natural-vegetation map reflecting altitude, climate and lithology; a population-distribution map improving the IGU method and showing population increase/decrease; and point maps of socio-economic structures, commuting and agricultural types. The atlas emphasizes partial syntheses and syntheses over analytical maps, notably a planning-oriented map of regions formed by service and employment centres. These maps are highly valuable for spatial research, planning and thematic cartography; full assessment awaits final completion.

Ernst Bernleithner

This article reviews the fifth delivery (1971–1972) of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, initiated by the Austrian Academy of Sciences' Commission for Spatial Research. Edited by Hans Bobek with cartographic direction by Erik Arnberger, the set comprises 20 map plates covering nine thematic chapters: climate, soils and vegetation, population, agriculture, industry and transport, administration, culture, and regional planning. The reviewer emphasizes the scientific originality of the maps, many of which are new or first-time thematic representations, and applauds the exemplary printing by the Vienna firm Freytag-Berndt & Artaria. The atlas is regarded as an outstanding contribution to Austrian spatial research.

Ernst Bernleithner

This review discusses the sixth instalment of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, a long-running national cartographic project edited by Hans Bobek, with Erik Arnberger as cartographic supervisor. The twelve new map sheets cover water quality of rivers and Lake Neusiedl; the built structure of Salzburg, Bregenz and Eisenstadt; forest yields; land-use systems; livestock systems; agricultural regions; energy generation and transmission; morphographic mapping; historical field forms; historical rural settlement forms; road accessibility; and central places and their service areas based on the 1973 survey. Most of the maps represent original scientific work, and the cartographic execution and printing by Freytag-Berndt are exemplary. The reviewer regrets that explanatory notes have not yet appeared. With 105 sheets now issued, the atlas is nearing completion at about 120 sheets, constituting an important reference for Austrian geography.

This article presents an overview of the Atlas of the Republic of Austria, edited by the Austrian Academy of Sciences’ Commission for Regional Studies and published in loose-leaf installments from 1960 to 1980. The atlas comprises 119 pages, with a main scale of 1:1,000,000, systematically covering Austria’s physical and socio-economic conditions. Using relief backgrounds, varied cartographic methods, well-designed legends, and explanatory notes, it emphasizes relationships between thematic data and terrain. It also briefly reviews the provincial atlases, which focus on local history and ethnography.

Bernard Rouleau

This article reviews the fifth installment of the ÖROK Atlas, a collection of maps documenting spatial development in Austria. The current edition comprises 95 map sheets, with eight new additions released in 1987 following nineteen in 1986. Maps are printed in a horizontal format and mostly at 1:1,000,000 scale, though smaller scales are used for some themes; each sheet includes extensive commentary and statistical tables. Data are presented at the municipal level. Topics cover population change, labor and employment, industry, housing, commerce, water management, and natural environments, with particular attention to legal protection of nature and housing. Although still incomplete, the atlas constitutes a valuable, up-to-date documentary source for studying Austria.