Antarctic Map Folio Series

Bushnell describes Folio 1, Aeronomical Maps for the Antarctic, as chiefly mapping synoptic ionospheric conditions during the IGY and IGC, when sunspot activity was at a maximum. She states that its maps draw on ionospheric soundings from 28 stations south of 30°S, while the accompanying text briefly explains the sounding method and the significance of the findings.

Hitchcock identifies the aeronomy folio as one of the first three published installments of the Antarctic Map Folio Series. He explains that the series was conceived as an interdisciplinary scientific atlas issued in separate, single-subject folios so that completed information could be published without waiting for a bound atlas; its planning drew on surveys of researchers, published reports, current research programs, and consultation with scientists.

The editors describe the linked folio only as part of the 19-folio Antarctic Map Folio Series, whose installments contain text, extensive references, color maps, and drawings in 11-by-17-inch cases. They report that remaining publications were being sold at reduced prices, with some folios already out of print and others available only in limited quantities; the items would not be reprinted, though microform copies were being planned. The article does not specify the individual availability or contents of Aeronomical Maps for the Antarctic.

The reviewer presents Folio 1, together with Folio 2, as the opening of a projected Antarctic atlas. He gives no separate assessment of its aeronomical content and explicitly regards Folio 2 as geographically more important, but collectively praises the published text and maps as a quick, reliable reference for Antarctic geography and looks forward to later folios.

Bushnell describes Folio 2, Physical Characteristics of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, as a summary of contemporary knowledge about the ice sheet’s character and morphology. Its maps cover surface elevation, ice thickness, annual snow accumulation, annual surface temperature, and near-surface density, while diagrams and photographs present findings from deep-pit and ice-core studies at ten stations.

Hitchcock identifies Physical Characteristics of the Antarctic Ice Sheet as the second of three folios already published. He uses it to illustrate the series’ topic-specific cartographic design, noting that every map in this ice-sheet folio covers the entire Antarctic continent.

The notice does not discuss Physical Characteristics of the Antarctic Ice Sheet individually, but describes its parent Antarctic Map Folio Series as 19 cased folios, each containing text, extensive references, color maps, and drawings. It reports that the remaining publications were being offered at reduced prices, with availability varying among folios; some were already out of print, no reprints were planned, and microform copies were under consideration.

The reviewer considers Folio 2 the more geographically important of the first two installments. Its ten map sheets cover elevation, ice thickness, snow accumulation, surface temperature, and snow density at the surface and at ten metres’ depth, alongside diagrams from profile studies; they are supplemented by ten introductory pages and a 124-item bibliography. The reviewer praises the speed of publication after the International Geophysical Year and welcomes the incorporation of Russian observations from East Antarctica as well as American, British, and French findings. The polar stereographic maps are judged technically very clear, although their strong purple color scale is criticized. Overall, the text and maps are regarded as a quick and reliable reference for Antarctic geography.

Bushnell describes Folio 3, Antarctic Maps and Surveys 1900–1964, as comprising eight plates on map coverage, two on aerial-photography coverage, and one on mapping control. She states that its accompanying text briefly reviews Antarctic mapping history, international cooperation, geographic naming procedures, and contemporary survey techniques, while appendices provide mapping-center addresses, publisher names, and a list of maps covering the entire continent.

The editors describe the Antarctic Map Folio Series collectively as 19 folios containing text, extensive references, color maps, and drawings, with topics spanning Antarctic climate, terrestrial and marine life, glaciers, waters, birds, and mammals. They report that the remaining inventory was available at reduced prices, although some folios were out of print or in limited supply; the items would not be reprinted, but microform copies were being planned. The linked volume, Antarctic Maps and Surveys 1900–1964, is not discussed individually.

This review examines Folio 3 of the American Geographical Society's Antarctic Map Folio Series, titled "Antarctic Maps and Surveys 1900-1964," and compares it with the Soviet Atlas Antarktiki. The author highlights the advantages of the loose-leaf folio format, which facilitates timely updates and expansion in response to new discoveries, and notes the superior clarity of the American maps over their Soviet counterparts. The series is characterized as a form of serial cartographic monograph, akin to a journal, offering a pragmatic solution to the rapid growth of Antarctic knowledge. The review also touches on the definition of an atlas and identifies remaining gaps in cartographic coverage of the continent.

Hitchcock reports that the planned meteorology folio’s tentative contents were circulated to scientists who reviewed National Science Foundation proposals. At the time of writing, cartographic work on synoptic atmospheric conditions was partly complete, while climatology of the surface environment and of the troposphere and lower stratosphere remained among the subjects scheduled for publication.

Bushnell reports that Folio 4, The Antarctic Atmosphere: Climatology of the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere, contains maps of the seasonal thermal regime, atmospheric circulation patterns, and tropopause heights, together with graphs of seasonal relative humidity and monthly tropopause temperatures and heights. Its plates were compiled by the National Weather Records Center, with text by W. S. Weyant.

This review evaluates two academic works on Antarctic meteorology. The first, 'The Antarctic Atmosphere: Climatology of the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere' (American Geographical Society, 1966), is an atlas presenting mean temperature and wind distributions at four levels over Antarctica and surrounding oceans for December and September. The reviewer notes that while the maps are data-rich, issues include overly heavy colored backgrounds, a disappointingly short reference list, and insufficient emphasis on the seasonal variations of the westerlies. The spring warming diagrams of the stratosphere are highlighted as the most valuable feature. The second work, 'Studies in Antarctic Meteorology' (American Geophysical Union, 1966), contains seven papers on snow drifting, micrometeorology, and climatology based on IGY observations. The review acknowledges the valuable data but cautions that the short observation period limits the robustness of some conclusions.

Hitchcock reports that planning for the atmospheric-climatology folio included circulating a tentative table of contents on meteorology to scientists who reviewed National Science Foundation proposals. At the time of writing, cartographic work on synoptic atmospheric conditions was partly complete, while climatology of the surface environment, troposphere, and lower stratosphere remained among the subjects scheduled for the series.

Bushnell reports that Folio 8, The Antarctic Atmosphere: Climatology of the Surface Environment, was in press, with plates compiled by the National Weather Records Center and text by W. S. Weyant. According to her account, it maps mean annual temperatures, seasonal cloud cover, monthly cyclone tracks, and wind roses, while additional plates graph wind and temperature conditions, days with blowing snow, and total cloud amounts.

The editors discuss the Antarctic Map Folio Series collectively rather than this volume individually. They describe it as a set of 19 folios, each containing text, extensive references, and color maps and drawings in an 11-by-17-inch case; they also report that some folios were out of print, remaining copies were limited, no reprinting was planned, and microform editions were being considered.

The reviewer finds the volume’s brief text adequate and discusses its treatment of Antarctic surface temperatures, winds, blowing snow, and cloud cover. The choice of March, June, September, and December to represent the seasons is questioned because atmospheric lag makes April, July, October, and January more appropriate; the ocean-temperature maps are also weakened by sparse Antarctic data, and the use of Celsius in one plate but Fahrenheit in others is criticized. The reviewer considers the blowing-snow map inaccurate, particularly its figures for Halley Bay and the discrepancy between U.S. and non-U.S. stations, while acknowledging that meteorological coding makes reliable drift-snow data difficult to extract. Despite regretting the lack of fuller information about the source data and a bibliography, the reviewer concludes that—apart from the blowing-snow plate—the compilers handled a difficult task fairly well and produced a reasonably priced, convenient English-language reference.

Hitchcock reports that cartographic work on the terrestrial-life folio was partly complete. He explains that its flowering-plant maps would record every known locality because such plants were scarce, whereas the more numerous lichens would be represented through selected species illustrating three principal distribution patterns; other species would be listed and assigned to a pattern.

Bushnell reports that Folio 5, Terrestrial Life of Antarctica, contains maps showing recorded locations of Antarctic plants and terrestrial arthropods, along with color photographs of representative organisms in their natural settings. Its text describes environmental characteristics and discusses the biota’s geographical distribution.

Hitchcock’s account places the linked volume within two physical-oceanography folios then being prepared for the Antarctic Map Folio Series. He reports that proposed contents were circulated to scientific reviewers and that the folios would combine broad maps of the oceans south of 35° S. with more detailed coverage of sectors surveyed by the research vessel Eltanin; maps for one of the two folios were expected in early 1966.

Bushnell reports that Arnold L. Gordon’s Folio 6, Structure of Antarctic Waters Between 20°W and 170°W, contains fourteen plates mapping core layers, dynamic topography, and the Polar Front Zone. The depicted core layers include temperature minima and maxima, an oxygen minimum and deep oxygen maximum, a salinity maximum, and a potential-temperature minimum.

This review evaluates Antarctic Map Folio Series, Folio 6: Structure of Antarctic Waters between 20°W and 170°W, compiled by A. L. Gordon, comprising 14 map sheets and 10 pages of text, integrating physical and chemical observations from 504 USNS Eltanin stations, primarily in the Pacific and Falkland Sectors. The review notes that the folio indicates greater latitudinal variation in the position of the Antarctic Convergence than previously suggested, though employing a single subsurface criterion throughout might reduce this apparent spread. New data strengthen the chart of maximum temperature in the warm deep layer, and reveal a sharp discontinuity in bottom temperature in the southern Drake Passage, potentially indicating a similar discontinuity in circumpolar flow at depth. Insufficient new data south of 65° in the western ocean preclude further examination of the possible role of saline shelf water sinking from the Ross Sea in winter.

Bushnell reports that Folio 10 maps phytoplankton standing crop, primary organic productivity, and nutrient chemicals along the routes of the USNS Eltanin and nine Argentine research cruises east of Argentina. Its 15 plates also map selected diatom and dinoflagellate species and benthic marine algae; the accompanying text runs to 12 pages, and S. Z. El-Sayed served as scientific adviser throughout planning and editing.

The editors describe the Antarctic Map Folio Series collectively as 19 cased folios, each containing text, extensive references, color maps, and drawings. They report that remaining copies were offered at reduced prices, with some folios already out of print and supplies limited; no reprinting was planned, though microform copies were under consideration. The linked folio, Primary Productivity and Benthic Marine Algae of the Antarctic and Subantarctic, is not discussed individually.

Bushnell reports that Folio 9, by J. C. Behrendt and C. R. Bentley, contains nine plates mapping Antarctic free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies, residual total magnetic intensity, short-wavelength magnetic anomalies, magnetic inclination and variation, and the horizontal, vertical, and total components of magnetic intensity. A brief accompanying text explains the computational methods and discusses the anomaly maps.

The editors provide series-level context rather than discussing Magnetic and Gravity Maps of the Antarctic individually. They describe the Antarctic Map Folio Series as 19 cased folios, each containing text, extensive references, color maps, and drawings, and report that the remaining inventory was being sold at reduced prices in 1980. Some folios were already out of print or available only in limited quantities, and no reprinting was planned, although microform access was under consideration; the availability of this particular folio is not specified.

Hitchcock describes the planned marine-invertebrates folio as requiring specialist advice because collections from waters south of 35° S. were too scattered to establish true distribution patterns. Contributors were therefore asked to judge whether known occurrences revealed anything meaningful, including unexpected localities, while acknowledging when the sparse evidence supported no notable conclusion; recognized advisers and specialists from other countries were also recruited for its preparation.

Hitchcock reports that the planned physical-oceanography folios underwent specialist review and were intended to include maps of the full marine region south of 35° S., supplemented by detailed maps of sectors surveyed by the U.S. research vessel Eltanin. At the time of writing, maps for one of the two physical-oceanography folios were expected to arrive at the Society in early 1966, with additional material to follow.

Bushnell reports that Circumpolar Characteristics of Antarctic Waters was nearing completion and, unlike Folio 6’s limited longitudinal coverage, would encompass all waters surrounding Antarctica northward to 40°S. Credited to Arnold L. Gordon, Robert D. Goldberg, and Kenneth Hunkins, its nineteen plates map oceanographic stations; temperature, salinity, and oxygen at various depths and in vertical meridional sections; and summer and winter sound velocities along the axis of the SOFAR channel.

The editors place the linked folio within the 19-part Antarctic Map Folio Series, whose folios combined text and extensive references with color maps and drawings in an 11-by-17-inch case; Antarctic-water structure was among the subjects represented in the series. They report that the remaining inventory was being sold at reduced prices, with some folios scarce or out of print and no reprinting planned, although microform copies were under consideration.

Hitchcock reports that the planned geology folio required specialist guidance and international participation because relevant unpublished data were held in several countries. Contributors from eight nations had completed or nearly completed seventeen maps of Antarctica’s mountainous regions, intended for publication alongside a smaller-scale compilation covering the entire continent.

Bushnell reports that the forthcoming bedrock-geology folio comprises 18 regional maps at 1:1,000,000 with accompanying texts, prepared by 24 geologists from eight countries, each specializing in the mapped locality. She adds that coeditor Campbell Craddock compiled a continent-wide geological map and explanatory text, while Robert Nichols mapped and described widespread Antarctic geomorphic features.

Bushnell reports that Folio 12, Geologic Maps of Antarctica, was published in August after being prepared since 1965 with contributions from 25 geologists in eight countries. Its plates comprise 17 regional maps, mostly at 1:1,000,000 scale, five maps of the entire continent, and a final reconstruction of Gondwanaland; she argues that geological similarities between Antarctica and other southern landmasses support the Gondwanaland hypothesis.

The editors mention Geologic Maps of Antarctica only as part of the 19-folio Antarctic Map Folio Series, without describing its geological content separately. They characterize each folio as containing text, extensive references, color maps, and drawings in an 11-by-17-inch case, and report that the remaining series inventory was being offered at reduced prices. Availability varied because some folios were out of print or in limited supply; no reprinting was planned, although microform copies were under consideration.

This article is a collection of book reviews from the May-June 1971 issue of American Scientist, comprising three reviews. The first reviews Loren Eiseley's 'The Invisible Pyramid,' reflecting on science's role in modern society, arguing that humanity's over-reliance on technology has caused imbalance, and calling for science to be viewed as a social institution requiring objective study. The second reviews 'Antarctic Map Folio Series: Folio 12,' summarizing Antarctic geological mapping achievements, emphasizing its integration of research data up to 1967, and identifying gaps for future geological and geochronological work. The third reviews the proceedings of 'Magnetic Resonance,' praising its publication efficiency and content value, but noting its limited value for beginners.

This review evaluates Folio 12 of the Antarctic Map Folio Series, a major compilation of Antarctic geology based on extensive international research. The volume contains eighteen detailed geological map sheets covering most exposed coastal areas and major nunatak regions, together with maps of fossil occurrences, radiometric ages, coastal geology, morphometry, and Gondwanaland geology. Drawing on published studies, SCAR conference materials, and previously unpublished findings, it demonstrates the substantial advances achieved through post-International Geophysical Year exploration. The reviewer highlights the morphometric analyses and Gondwanaland tectonic synthesis as particularly valuable. Despite omitting some very recent discoveries, the folio is regarded as the series’ most comprehensive and important volume and a lasting milestone in Antarctic geological research.

Bushnell reports that Hugh H. DeWitt’s Folio 15, Coastal and Deep-Water Benthic Fishes of the Antarctic, contains five plates with 31 maps recording collection localities for 119 fish species, along with drawings of representative species. Its accompanying text discusses the characteristics of Antarctic fish fauna and the significance of the maps, and includes a bibliography.

Bushnell reports that the forthcoming bird folio maps sighting and specimen records for roughly fifty species—including penguins, albatrosses, petrels, fulmars, skuas, and terns—together with known breeding localities. She states that George Watson supervised the assembly of cartographic data from extensive published and unpublished records, with contributions from J. Phillip Angle, Margaret Bridge, Peter C. Harper, John C. Boyd, W. L. N. Tickell, and Roberto Schlatter, while William J. L. Sladen assisted with planning.

Bushnell reports that the forthcoming bird folio will map breeding sites as well as specimen and sighting records. An extensive bibliography is intended to document breeding localities and northernmost records, along with southernmost records for some species; George Watson supervised the map compilation and will write the explanatory text.

Bushnell reports that Folio 14, Birds of the Antarctic and Subantarctic, was prepared under George E. Watson’s supervision, with maps compiled by seven contributors. Its fourteen map plates document observation or collection localities and known breeding sites for fifty bird species; an additional plate contains photographs, while the accompanying text discusses the mapped distributions and provides an extensive bibliography.

Hitchcock identifies the folio on the morphology of the solid earth south of 35° S. as one of the Antarctic Map Folio Series installments whose cartographic work was partly complete at the time of writing. He explains that the series had no predetermined publication order, so its release would depend on when contributors completed their materials.

Bushnell describes Folio 16 as a seven-plate treatment of the morphology of the solid earth in the Antarctic and Subantarctic by Bruce Heezen, Marie Tharp, and Charles Bentley. Its contents include maps of bathymetry, subglacial rock topography, sounding tracks and earthquake epicenters, and the Scotia Sea, together with bottom profiles and a map of physiographic provinces.

Bushnell describes Folio 16, *Morphology of the Earth in the Antarctic and Subantarctic*, as the work of Bruce C. Heezen, Marie Tharp, and Charles R. Bentley. According to her account, Heezen and Tharp compiled its seafloor maps, while Bentley supplied the subglacial topography of Antarctica. Its plates include a 1:15,000,000 bathymetric map, maps of the soundings and physiographic and tectonic provinces, a larger-scale bathymetric map of the Scotia Sea, bottom profiles, and paired plates showing Antarctic subglacial topography and the traverse and flight lines used to obtain soundings.

The editors describe the Antarctic Map Folio Series collectively as 19 folios, each issued in an 11-by-17-inch case with text, extensive references, color maps, and drawings. They report that remaining publications were being sold at reduced prices, but caution that some folios were already out of print, quantities were limited, and the items would not be reprinted, although microform copies were planned. The notice does not specify whether Morphology of the Earth in the Antarctic and Subantarctic was still available.

Bushnell describes the linked Folio 17 as a collaborative treatment of Antarctic and Subantarctic marine sediments. Its maps cover surface sediment types and colors, ferromanganese deposits, fossil Foraminifera and diatoms, Pleistocene sediment thickness inferred from radiolarian studies, and total sediment thickness derived from seismic-reflection data; photographs of the sea floor are also included.

Bushnell describes Folio 17 as a collaborative treatment of Antarctic and subantarctic marine sediments. She reports that it maps surface sediment types, sampling sites, ferromanganese deposits, sediment thickness in the Indian and Pacific sectors, and the distribution of fossil foraminifera and diatoms, while also including photographs of the seafloor.

The notice does not discuss Marine Sediments of the Southern Oceans individually. It describes the Antarctic Map Folio Series as a 19-folio publication in which each folio combines text and extensive references with color maps and drawings in an 11-by-17-inch case; remaining copies were offered at reduced prices, some folios were already out of print, and no reprinting was planned, though microform access was under consideration.

In this editors’ account, Hitchcock says the planned series would include a folio on marine vertebrates—seals, whales, and fishes—and that foreign specialists, including whaling authorities, had been approached as contributors. At the time of writing, this was still one of the topics awaiting publication, so the article documents preliminary planning rather than the contents of the completed 1974 Antarctic Mammals folio.

Bushnell reports that work on Folio 18, Antarctic Mammals, continued during 1973–1974, with publication scheduled for late 1974. She describes it as using maps and texts to summarize the distribution, biology, and physical characteristics of Antarctic whales, seals, and dolphins, incorporating recent systematic seal-population studies and an extensive bibliography.

Bushnell describes the Antarctic Map Folio Series as a planned set of nineteen thematic folios presenting recent Antarctic research through maps and explanatory texts. She reports that specialists and advisory panels prepared the folios from data supplied by national research programs, with the National Science Foundation sponsoring the series and the American Geographical Society preparing and distributing it. In her assessment, the series provides a comprehensive cartographic reference and a major record of Antarctica’s physical and biological characteristics. The linked volume, History of Antarctic Exploration and Scientific Investigation, is not discussed separately.

Bushnell reports that Folio 19, History of Antarctic Exploration and Scientific Investigation, was published in October 1975 as the final installment of the Antarctic Map Folio Series. Its fifteen plates cover early concepts of Antarctica, routes and highlights of exploration from 1772 to 1954, and scientific stations, traverses, and other accomplishments from 1954 to 1975. According to the account, Henry M. Dater contributed the opening discussion of motivations for Antarctic exploration, the American Geographical Society staff prepared the remainder, and the folio includes a bibliography of 280 sources.

The editors mention this volume only as part of the 19-volume Antarctic Map Folio Series, describing each folio as an 11-by-17-inch case containing text, extensive references, color maps, and drawings. They report that the remaining publications were being sold at reduced prices, that some folios were already out of print, and that the items would not be reprinted, although microform editions were planned; they do not discuss this volume’s historical content individually.

This is a review of Folio 19, "History of Antarctic Exploration and Scientific Investigation," in the Antarctic Map Folio Series, published by the American Geographical Society. The review notes that this folio, the final installment in a decade-long series backed by the National Science Foundation, systematically documents, through maps and text, the establishment of 75 Antarctic stations by a dozen nations between 1954 and 1975, along with their year-by-year scientific achievements. It traces the continent's history from a Roman geographer's speculative invention, through Captain Cook's circumnavigation that disproved the notion of a populous southern land, to the exploits of American sealers and Norwegian whalers, and finally to the modern era of scientific bases. The review observes that while the modern sections rely on data and maps rather than the evocative engravings of earlier expeditions, the folio effectively illustrates Antarctica's transformation from a site of resource exploitation to one of scientific inquiry.