Tanganyika坦噶尼喀

This review article examines three recent publications from the British colonial and academic spheres. It first appraises the wartime Atlas of Tanganyika Territory, highlighting its production, cartographic design, and the limitations imposed by scale, while stressing the need for a central London repository for colonial maps. It then summarizes Steers's presidential address on East Anglia's physiography, which synthesizes research on glacial deposits, river valleys, coastal change, and the Broads, identifying knowledge gaps. Finally, it introduces Polish Science and Learning, a journal aimed at preserving Polish culture during wartime, and discusses its geographical articles on waterways, mineral resources, and post-war reconstruction. Together, the reviews illustrate both the empirical contributions of regional geographical studies and the practical challenges of disseminating scientific knowledge during wartime.

P. J. Greenway

Review of the 1942 Atlas of Tanganyika: Compiled by the Survey Division, this atlas covers sections on physical geography, biogeography, human geography, industry and commerce, and history, including thematic maps on rainfall, forests, wildlife, tsetse flies, population, tribes, transportation, and exploration routes. Due to wartime security, the initial edition was restricted to government departments. The loose-leaf edition added hydrological and malaria maps, with plans for soil and vegetation maps. A new edition is expected to be published in 1949, featuring excellent printing and concentrated data, offering reference value.

Malcolm E. Bondy

The second edition of the Atlas of the Tanganyika Territory (1948) reflects global interest in underdeveloped areas and demonstrates the role of geographers in providing an informational foundation for planning. Compared with the 1942 edition, it adds maps of soils, vegetation, and principal mines, and revises coverage of climate, geology, resources, population, transport, and health facilities. It also includes medical-geographic data on tsetse and sleeping sickness, malaria, and cattle densities, along with trade and production statistics. A historical section traces the cartographic evolution of East Africa. The atlas illustrates how geographic information can help address urgent problems.

Walter W. Ristow; Niels Nielsen; Axel Schou; W. E. Calvert; Hugo Hassinger

This review examines sixteen noteworthy general and topical regional atlases published during the past decade, representing eleven countries. It applies the Wright-Platt classification of atlases, distinguishing between general regional and topical regional works. The atlases discussed include French thematic volumes on viticulture, textiles, peat bogs, and hydroelectric power, as well as national and regional atlases from Denmark, the Netherlands, Austria, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Belgium, Tanganyika, India, Australia, and Brazil. The review assesses their organization, cartographic quality, editorial collaboration, and scholarly utility. It finds that such specialized atlases serve primarily researchers and serious users, and that many reflect the growing practical needs of regional planning, resource appraisal, and national self-knowledge. The cooperative production of the Atlas of Denmark is singled out as exemplary, while the rainfall atlas of Brazil fills an important gap in South American climatic studies. The review concludes that regional atlases make significant contributions to geographical scholarship and inter-institutional collaboration.

Mike Shand; Eugene Silayo

This paper reviews the history and production of atlases in Africa, with a special focus on Tanzania, and discusses the impact of current digital mapping technology on the future of atlas publication. The first part systematically traces atlas publishing in Africa from the late 19th-century colonial period to the post-independence era, noting that approximately 274 atlases of Africa and its individual countries have been published to date, including over 150 single-nation atlases. The paper classifies atlases according to territorial extent (international, multinational, singlenation, intranational) and content (general, specialist/thematic, school), and provides a detailed account of the six national atlases of Tanzania: one for German East Africa (1906), three for Tanganyika (1942, 1948, 1956), and two for the Republic of Tanzania (1967, 1976). It also examines the numerous educational and thematic atlases produced for East Africa and Tanzania by government agencies, universities, and commercial publishers. Historical data show that single-nation atlas production peaked in the 1960s when nearly 80% of African countries gained independence, with 64 atlases published during that decade; production has since declined to fewer than five per year due to severe financial constraints and low priority given to national mapping compared to health, welfare, and education. The second part of the paper addresses the application of digital mapping and desktop publishing technologies to three key projects: the revision or production of a new edition of the National Atlas of Tanzania, the creation of a demographic atlas based on population census data, and the development of a small-scale cartographic database. The authors reference a series of completed sample atlas sheets of Tanzania produced by digital methods, and compare analogue and digital production techniques, highlighting issues such as data collection, cost, and collaborative effort. They argue that the lack of up-to-date atlas maps seriously hampers planners, researchers, scholars, and students both within and outside Tanzania. Although the demand for new atlases is evident, meeting this demand under prevailing economic circumstances remains difficult. The paper concludes by echoing the foreword to the 1976 Atlas of Tanzania, which warned that such a work will portray a false picture unless systematically updated, amended, and changed. This challenge, the authors contend, must be addressed by Tanzanian cartographers through the adoption of digital technology and collaborative approaches to ensure the continued relevance of atlas publication in Tanzania and Africa as a whole.

David N. Siriba; Daniel O. Nyangweso

National atlases synthesize a country's spatial knowledge through maps and textual descriptions. The three East African countries—Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania—gained independence around the same period and, with support from the British Directorate of Overseas Surveys, produced their first national atlases within a similar timeframe. However, these atlases have not been revised for decades. This paper reviews the historical development of national atlases in the three countries, examines the reasons for their stagnation, and discusses the implications of paradigm shifts including web mapping, Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). The analysis shows that delayed updates of topographic base maps, the ability of individual government departments to publish their own thematic atlases, and the growing availability of geospatial data through SDI and VGI have diminished the perceived relevance of official national atlases. Nevertheless, despite the still-low level of SDI development in East Africa, SDI and VGI offer a promising opportunity to revive the national atlas. The authors recommend that these countries move from printed products to online dynamic electronic atlases and conduct user-centered studies on interface and content design, thereby repositioning the national atlas within the modern geospatial ecosystem.