Atlas of Finland
Atlas de Finlande
Finland · Société Anonyme F. Tilgmann · 1899
Related Reviews & Articles
Suomen Kartasto, 1960, Atlas of Finland, 1960/1962
Georges Chabot · 1964
This review assesses the fourth edition of the Atlas of Finland (1960), published by the Finnish Geographical Society, which pioneered the national atlas format in 1899. The atlas comprises 421 maps and an accompanying text volume, with legends in Finnish, English and sometimes Swedish. It covers physical geography, population, agriculture, industry, commerce, transportation, and regional divisions. The reviewer notes that the maps show major advances in Finnish cartography, such as detailed topographic coverage, and illustrate profound postwar changes: population concentration and aging in the south, northern growth, agricultural restructuring, and expansion of mechanical and electrical industries. The work is praised for its comprehensive information, effective use of color, and concise English commentaries. It represents a continuation of Finland’s tradition of national self-representation and remains a valuable reference for geography.
Entwicklung und Stand der Kartographie Finnlands
Ulrich Kriesche · 1944
Development and Current State of Finnish Cartography [Abstract] The development of Finnish cartography has been profoundly shaped by the country's changing political fortunes. Military needs created an early demand for maps, but successive wars and shifts in sovereignty prevented uniform mapping efforts across the whole country. In addition, the vast, sparsely inhabited northern regions long lacked reliable survey data, so early maps were often inaccurate. Sixteenth-century European maps depicted Finland in heavily distorted form, although Simon van Salinghen's 1601 map already showed Lapland remarkably well. During Swedish rule in the 17th century, Andreas Bureus introduced scientific and systematic mapping, promoted triangulation, and produced geometric cadastral maps. A land survey institution was established in 1633, Finland's first geographic map appeared in 1641, and Gripenhielm's map of 1688 represented a significant improvement. After stagnation in the early 18th century due to the Great Discord, mapping resumed after 1743, benefiting from triangulations by Maupertuis and others; Hällström improved relief representation with a careful hill-shading technique. By the end of the 18th century, the Finnish Reconnaissance Brigade had produced the country's first military topographic map. In 1809 Finland became a Russian Grand Duchy, and in 1812 the General Land Survey Office was founded, leading to further systematic surveys. The article also discusses modern developments in Finnish cartography, including geodetic foundations and map types such as the practical economic map at 1:100,000 and the Finland Atlas. The author concludes that the present war will again give fresh impetus to Finnish mapping.
Bibliographie: Atlas de Finlande
William Rosier · 1900
This article offers a detailed review of the Atlas of Finland, published by the Geographical Society of Finland. Originating from the 1899 Berlin Geographical Congress and earlier London exhibition, the atlas was compiled by leading Finnish scholars with government support. It comprises thirty-three plates, including large-scale maps at 1:2,000,000 and 1:2,500,000, and numerous small maps and diagrams. Employing the latest cartographic and statistical methods, it covers physical geography, geology, meteorology, vegetation, population, economy, prehistory, and early maps. An accompanying volume provides detailed scientific commentary in Finnish, Swedish, and French. The reviewer praises the work as a true monument to Finnish science and civilization, and voices sympathy for Finland's struggle to preserve its identity against Russian imperial pressure.
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