Character and efficacy of national atlases, in particular of the atlas DDR

Summary

This paper aims to elucidate the character and efficacy of national atlases as precise, visually accessible means of information and communication, with particular reference to the Atlas DDR (Atlas of the German Democratic Republic). The author argues that national atlases, beyond providing true-to-scale locations of objects and groups of objects, offer a basis for registering spatial structures and functions by analyzing positional interconnections, without anticipating causal relationships. The static nature of maps, often perceived as a drawback, in fact enhances the value and efficacy of this atlas category. The paper discusses divergent viewpoints: some critics see a downward trend in the development of national atlases, while others emphasize the need for new responsive forms in the electronic era. Reviewing the publication of national atlases in Europe and America since the 1950s, the author highlights their unique role in providing indispensable insights into the integration of natural, economic, and cultural elements within national territories, as well as fostering a global comparative perspective. Regarding content treatment versus cartographic form, the author stresses the primacy of content analysis alongside the autonomy of cartographic representation. In the case of the Atlas DDR, with its preferred scale of 1:750,000, complex maps play a dominant role. Specific examples are given, including maps of natural region types, land use, population distribution, built-up area types, forest areas, and socialist agricultural enterprises, demonstrating innovative cartographic solutions. Finally, the author examines the possibilities and limits of information provided by national atlases. Maps are conceived as models of reality, creating a state of tension that encourages users to interpret map statics as a source of knowledge and causal insight. The paper compares the Atlas DDR with other national atlases, such as those of Austria and Switzerland, noting that the overall visual effect—termed the “look of maps” by A.H. Robinson—is a significant factor in efficacy. In conclusion, national atlases serve as irreplaceable means of general geographical information and orientation, not as instruments for special planning purposes, and their static character does not diminish their enduring scientific and political value.