Национальный атлас (к определению понятия)

Summary

This article aims to define the concept of a "national atlas." It traces the evolution of this concept since its first formulation by K. A. Salishchev in 1958 and analyzes the thematic structure of 14 comprehensive atlases of various countries currently classified as national. The author argues that earlier definitions, while establishing core criteria such as comprehensiveness, territorial coverage, and capital nature, are insufficient in light of contemporary practice, particularly considering the influence of foreign assistance on atlas production in developing countries and the atlas's role in promoting national development goals. Through case studies, including atlases of Cuba, Colombia, Kenya, Tanganyika, and Australia, the article demonstrates that a true national atlas should prioritize maps depicting natural conditions, resources, population, and economy, which typically constitute 70-85% of the atlas's content. The author proposes a new set of defining criteria, emphasizing territorial scope, a comprehensive structure with a dominant focus on nature, population, and economy maps, a scientific level corresponding to contemporary knowledge, and a scientific-applied purpose serving as a tool for the country's economic and social development. The article concludes that clarifying this concept is crucial for distinguishing genuinely national atlases from those of a colonial nature or limited applicability, especially in developing countries where comprehensive mapping is vital for national progress.