The National Atlas of Canada

The Evolution of the Atlas of Canada, 1906–2006

Claire Gosson · 2006

This article reviews the century-long evolution of the Atlas of Canada from its first edition in 1906 to the online sixth edition launched in 1999 and its subsequent development up to 2006. Drawing on archival maps and historical documents, the author traces how each edition responded to changing national needs and technological capabilities. The early editions (1906, 1915) were small-scale paper atlases focused on basic physical and human geography, while the third edition (1957/58) incorporated more comprehensive land-use and economic data. The fourth edition (1974) changed its name to the National Atlas of Canada and adopted a continuing program; the fifth edition (1978–1995) pioneered digital cartography and a standardized database at 1:2,000,000 compilation scale. The sixth edition, launched online in 1999, transformed the atlas into an interactive, Web-based geographic information system, emphasizing accessibility and partnership. The article argues that the atlas has always served twin purposes: as a utilitarian planning tool and as a means of fostering national identity and international understanding. Its evolution reflects broader shifts in cartography, from static printed maps to dynamic geospatial data services. The author concludes that the Atlas of Canada remains a leading national online atlas, and its future will be shaped by continued advances in information technology.