Portugal. Atlas do Ambiente
Portugal · Comissão Nacional do Ambiente · 1975
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Um novo Atlas de Portugal. O Atlas do Ambiente
Maria Helena Dias · 1984
This paper provides a critical analysis of the initial outputs of the Portuguese Environmental Atlas project (Atlas do Ambiente). Since 1975, the atlas has been published as separate map sheets, with a planned total of 92 maps covering seven thematic areas: physical, biological, biophysical, human, protected natural, degraded, and global environments. The article notes that while the loose-leaf format offers advantages such as easy public access and affordable pricing, significant shortcomings exist, including fragmented overall structure, lack of standardization, insufficient cartographic generalization, inconsistent titles and legends, and poor legibility of certain maps. The author argues that the project aims to fill the gap left by the outdated national atlas and serve both specialists and the general public, but requires improvements in cartographic rigor and information readability.
Temperatura: temperatura média diária do ar (notícia explicativa)
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofísica · 1981
The air temperature is one of the most important climatological ele- ments. To give a representative reading of the air temperature, thermome- ters should be protected from radiation, from the sun, sky, earth and any surrounding objects, but at the same time be adequately ventilated. One of the methods of protection now in general use is the louvered thermometer screen. By international agreement, the air temperature is measured with ther- mometers at a height of between 1.25 and 2 meters above ground level, insi- de a louvered thermometer screen. The so measured temperature is said to be the surface air temperature. The range of the diurnal variation of the air temperature varies with the season and the local conditions; its value is one of the most significant cli- matological indexes. There are different ranges in the variation of the surface air temperatu- re: the daily, the monthly and the annual variations. The average value of the air temperature during a day is the average temperature of the day. This average value is calculated by different tempe- rature methods. The more common one is the quotient by two of the sum of maximum and minimum temperatures of the day. The air temperature decreases with the altitude, as a rule, in the tro- posphere or lower laver of the atmosphere. The rate of the vertical variation 6
Carta da distribuição da videira (notícia explicativa)
José Gomes Pedro · 1991
The present chart of the distribution of the vine ane' vineyards was based on elements collected from the «Preparation Chart» for the Agriculture and Forestry Chart, as for the low vineyard, and from the Chart of the Distribution of the Vine, for the tall vineyard, both in the scale 1:250 000 and worked out by the Agrarian Survey and Laid-Use Planning Service, now a National Center. The criteria followed for this Chart of the Atlas are defined, in order to represent the diversified occurences not only of the species but also of the types of vineyards, and mention being made of the smallest arcas mapped, either as pure, mixed or scattered they are. The morphological characterization of the subspecies of the vine, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris, the wild one, and the Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera, the cultivated one, is briefly made. Mention of the species of American origin that have been used as graft-stocks for the common vine after the devastating attacks of the phylloxera is also made. The chorological distribution of both types of vineyards in Portugal is des- cribed and mention made of the strains more cultivated in each of the different regions or zones. Bioclimatic information of those regions or zones is given and an approach is made regarding their climacic vegetation units, which are affiliated to the class Querco-Fagetea, for the wild vine, and to the class Quercetea ilicis for the cultivated vine. Finally, brief mentions are made to the products of the vine, th
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